Evaluation of a wireless ambulatory capsule (SmartPill®) to measure gastrointestinal tract pH, luminal pressure and temperature, and transit time in ponies

Reasons for performing study: This study investigated the use of a wireless ambulatory capsule (WAC; SmartPill^® pH.p GI Monitoring System) to determine WAC‐gastric emptying time (GET) in ponies. Objectives: To measure WAC‐GET and compare it to those findings with GET assessed by nuclear scintigraphy (S‐GET). Hypothesis: WAC‐GET will be slower than S‐GET, but will be significantly correlated. Methods: Seven healthy adult mixed‐breed pony mares were used in this study. Feed was withheld for 12 h prior to the WAC administration. After administration, a complete‐feed diet was fed to allow the WAC to pass into the stomach. Luminal pH, temperature and pressure were collected by a modified receiver secured to the pony. Once the pH reached a value of ≥8.0, it was determined that gastric emptying had occurred, and ponies were fed grass hay. After 5 days, data were downloaded and analysed using proprietary software. During the second period of the study, after at least 2 weeks, 4 of the ponies underwent a standard S‐GET test. Results: The WAC was successfully administered, and data were collected from all ponies. The mean percentage of data packets collected by the receiver was 84.9 ± 3.51% (range 66.8–95.1%). Mean WAC‐GET was 7.38 h (range 0.15–46.65 h). Mean gastric pH was 4.75 (range 2.07–6.99). Mean small intestinal transit time was 4.6 h. The mean pH for the small intestine was 8.0. The mean S‐GET time (in hours) when 10% of the radioactive feed is present in the stomach (T‐90%) was 2.3 h. The S‐GET did not correlate significantly with the WAC‐GET. Conclusions and potential relevance: The WAC was safely administered to ponies, and data were collected using a modified receiver. The WAC‐GET varied considerably between ponies, but was ≤3 h in 5 of the 6 ponies. The WAC used in this study provided a noninvasive technique that produced novel information about the pony gastrointestinal tract, but owing to the substantial variability in GET values and long transit time it may not be a reliable clinical tool at this time.     

清脂胶囊质量标准研究

目的:建立清脂胶囊的质量控制方法。方法:对清脂胶囊中白术、白芍、柴胡进行薄层色谱鉴别;采用HPLC法对芍药苷进行含量测定。结果:薄层色谱斑点清晰,阴性对照无干扰;芍药苷进样量在0.104-1.040μg范围内线性关系良好(r=0.998 5),平均回收率为98.92%,RSD为0.61%(n=9)。结论:本研究建立的TLC和HPLC法专属性强、准确度高、重复性好,可用于清脂胶囊的质量控制。     

禽多杀性巴氏杆菌C48-3株hexABC基因缺失株的构建及其生物学特性分析

为研究荚膜在禽多杀性巴氏杆菌(Pasteurella multocida)致病过程中的作用,本研究利用同源重组基因敲除技术构建禽P.multocida C48-3株荚膜多糖输出蛋白基因hexABC的缺失突变株,并以小鼠为动物模型检测荚膜缺陷对细菌毒力的影响。PCR、RT-PCR和DNA测序结果均表明253 bp的hexC基因下游序列、798 bp的hexB基因全序列和290 bp的hexA基因上游序列完全被四环素抗性基因替代,表明构建了基因敲除突变株C48-3ΔhexABC。电镜观察结果表明突变株荚膜合成能力缺失,对小鼠的致病性试验结果显示突变株毒力基本丧失。本研究获得的无荚膜突变株为进一步研究禽P.multocida的致病机理奠定基础。     

CT小肠成像和胶囊内镜检查在不明原因消化道出血诊断中的临床价值研究

目的 探讨CT小肠成像(CTE)和胶囊内镜(CE)在不明原因消化道出血(OGIB)诊断中的作用及其价值。方法 比较研究CTE和CE在40例OGIB患者中检查结果,并最终应用手术病理结果与之进行对照。结果 CTE的诊断阳性率为45.0％(18/40),而CE的诊断阳性率高达70.0％(28/40),两者结果差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。而CE和CTE两者的联合诊断阳性率高达72.5％(29/40),与单纯进行CE检查相比,其结果差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);而同单纯行CTE检查相比,其结果差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 对OGIB的诊断,单纯行CE检查的诊断阳性率显著高于单纯行CTE检查(P＜0.05),两者联合检查的诊断阳性率较CE略有提高,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但鉴于CE和CTE具有互补性,在临床实践中对OGIB同时进行CE和CTE检查是有必要的。     

Plasma Membrane Lipids Are the Powerful Components for Early Stage Aluminum Tolerance in Triticale

The order of aluminum (Al) tolerance in triticale lines (ST2>ST22) after re-elongation in an Al-free 0.2 mM calcium (Ca) solution for 9 h (Ca period) following 1 h pretreatment with 20 μM Al (Al period) agreed with that after 24 h of Al treatment. Permeability of the plasma membrane (PM) of root-tip cells after the Ca period was significantly increased in Al-sensitive ST22. Al was accumulated more heavily in the root-tip portion of ST22 than in that of ST2, although similar amounts of malic and citric acid anions were released from both triticale lines. We established a new system examining lipid permeability using synthesized nylon-2,8 ultrathin and porous capsules trapped previously with 0.1% (w/v) methylene blue solution and coated thereafter with PM lipid isolated from root tips by a newly developed technique. Permeability of the PM lipid measured with time in 0.2 mM Ca with or without 50 μM Al photometrically ( A ₆₈₀) was significantly greater in Al-sensitive ST22 after 5 min of Al treatment. This is the first report to directly show the primary and early role of PM lipid in Al tolerance in triticale.     

亚麻酸磷脂软胶囊降血脂药理作用

[目的]研究亚麻酸磷脂软胶囊对混合型高脂血症大鼠的降血脂作用。[方法]84只SPF级健康成年雄性SD大鼠,随机分成2组:空白对照组和模型组,空白对照组大鼠给予维持饲料,模型组给予模型饲料。模型组造模成功,从模型组动物中筛选出60只大鼠,按血清总胆固醇水平随机分成4个剂量组和1个模型对照组,每组12只;空白对照组12只大鼠全部参与试验。3个剂量组分别以333、667、2 000 mg/kg剂量(分别相当于人拟用剂量的5、10、30倍)的亚麻酸磷脂软胶囊给各剂量组大鼠灌胃30 d,模型对照组和空白对照组大鼠给予等体积的橄榄油。[结果]模型对照组大鼠血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇水平显著高于空白对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05或0.01);高剂量组大鼠血清总胆固醇和血清甘油三酯水平显著低于模型对照组,中、高剂量组大鼠血清低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇水平明显低于模型对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05或0.01);高剂量组大鼠血清低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇水平明显低于参照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05或0.01);各剂量组血清高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇水平与模型对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]亚麻酸磷脂软胶囊对雄性SD大鼠具有辅助降血脂的功能。     

离子交换树脂球在水质监测中的应用

传统的水质监测是以污染物质在水中的瞬时浓度来反映水质状况,耗时耗力。通过离子交换树脂球对西湖龙泓涧溪流中离子的持续吸附试验研究了树脂球在水质监测中的应用。结果表明,再生树脂球阴离子(NO-3—N,PO3-4—P)的回收率最小值为95.91%,而且在不同处理下其回收率的差异性不显著(p=0.1050.05);阳离子(NH+4)在低浓度时回收率超过100%,高浓度时约为90%,说明再生树脂球可用于水体中离子的吸附。各种离子的树脂球累积吸附量(RAQ)与流量呈显著正相关(R2=0.59,0.47,0.50,p0.05),且NO-3—N的RAQ和离子浓度与水体流量之积呈显著正相关(R2=0.46,p0.05),初步表明树脂球可以用于水体中氮和磷尤其是NO-3—N的监测。     

Preliminary study of capsule endoscopy in the small intestine of horses

Objective To evaluate the visibility of various portions of the small intestine in healthy horses using capsule endoscopy. Procedure Six healthy, conscious adult Thoroughbreds were restrained and an endoscopic capsule (PillCam® SB capsule) was inserted into the oesophagus using an intranasal catheter aided by a guide wire. Water (500 mL) flushed the capsule down the gastrointestinal tract. Data were collected and stored in the recorder of the endoscopic system for 6 hours after capsule insertion and the images were evaluated using an image reader and scored using a visual analogue scale. Results Capsule endoscopy enabled observation of the distinct mucosal shape, colour, and villus structure of the intestinal lumen from the duodenum through the proximal jejunum. At 4 h after passing the pylorus, the endoscopic capsule started transmitting increasingly dark images in the distal jejunum as the lumen circumference increased. Means of the visual analogue scale in the duodenum, proximal jejunum, and distal jejunum were 93.8 ± 1.3%, 86.2 ± 2.5% and 48.8 ± 6.3%, respectively. Differences among these values were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions and Clinical Relevance Capsule endoscopy enables observation of the distinct mucosal shape, colour and villus structure of the proximal and mid-small intestine in healthy horses.     

Characterization of larval instars of artemisia weevil,Adosomus sp.

The artemisia weevil,Adosomus sp.,has become an important wormwood(Artemisia ordosoca and A.sphaerocephala) pest in recent years in Ningxia Province,China.The number of larval instars should be determined before further studies on its life history,biology and integrate management of pest(IMP).In this study,we measured the length and width of head capsule,based on frequency histograms and Dyar's law,from which we concluded that the larvae of Adosomus sp.have four instars.Of the two vari-ables measured,the wi...     

香型多花蝴蝶兰杂交及优良单株选育

【目的】利用收集的蝴蝶兰种质资源开展香型多花蝴蝶兰的杂交选育,观察后代群体主要目标性状表现,获得符合目标性状要求的香型多花蝴蝶兰优良单株。【方法】以15个蝴蝶兰品种为亲本开展蝴蝶兰常规杂交,对杂交后代进行性状调查分析,并与亲本进行比较。【结果】配对的15个杂交组合中编号16161(PL608×PL321)和编号16162(390×PL321)两对组合成功,在2016年获得成熟蒴果,其他13对杂交组合均没有获得蒴果或成熟蒴果。亲本性状最相近的16161栽培杂交后代群体200株,平地空调催花174株,该杂交组合后代数量多、开花株多、株叶型整齐、生长势强,完全遗传了母本的香味;花朵数量均遗传母本特性,接近母本,多于父本;花色、唇色整体上为父母本花色的调和色,有深浅梯度变化;斑点分布规律同母本,未出现亲本花色之外的花色,符合基本遗传规律。部分杂交后代生长发育指标优于双亲,选育出有香味、花朵数量多、花色鲜亮、开花株形态好的优良单株6株。16162栽培杂交后代群体21株,通过平地空调催花12株,杂交后代均没有遗传亲本的香味,花朵数量多遗传自父本,未选育出香型多花优良单株。【结论】两个亲本相近的香型蝴蝶兰通过杂交,可选育出符合目标性状的香型多花蝴蝶兰优良单株。但由于蝴蝶兰香味遗传背景及机制复杂,在亲本均有香味的情况下,后代不一定能遗传亲本的香味。试验中两个香型蝴蝶兰PL608、PL321可为今后香型多花蝴蝶兰杂交选育亲本选配提供参考。